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Procedure to Install MySQL5.5 from Source Code on CentOS6.3

Tadashi Shigeoka ·  Wed, November 2, 2011

Here’s the procedure to install MySQL from source code on CentOS. (Updated 2012/11/08)

MySQL

The installation procedure is documented in the official documentation (English).

・MySQL :: MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual :: 2.10.2 Installing MySQL from a Standard Source Distribution

Prerequisites

CentOS5.7 64bit
MySQL5.5.17

Creating MySQL Group and User

First, become root user.

$ su

Create a group and user to start MySQL as a daemon.

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql -d /usr/local/mysql mysql
# passwd mysql

Download and Extract MySQL Source Code

# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.17.tar.gz/from/http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/db/mysql/
# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.17.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.5.17

Build Source Code with cmake

To build the source code, I looked for configure in the directory but couldn’t find it. Upon investigation, it seems that starting from MySQL 5.5 series, cmake is recommended and configure is no longer available.

Instead, we compile with cmake.

・CentOS　yum　dag　リポジトリの追加方法 | Linux LABS (How to Add CentOS yum dag Repository | Linux LABS)

・MySQL 5.5.9 インストール Linux cmake | Linux LABS (MySQL 5.5.9 Installation Linux cmake | Linux LABS)

If cmake is not installed, install it with yum.

# yum install -y cmake

Next, install MySQL dependency packages with yum.

# yum install -y ncurses-devel

If you don’t install this and run cmake, you’ll get the following error:

- Could NOT find Curses  (missing:  CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH)
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:82 (MESSAGE):
  Curses library not found.  Please install appropriate package,

      remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):

If you run cmake again as is, it will just repeat the error display, so delete the MySQL directory once and re-execute.

# rm -fr /usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.17
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.17.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.5.17

For cmake options, about 2-3 options seem sufficient for a normal installation.

Let’s just check what’s included when cmake is executed with defaults.

・MySQL :: Building MySQL from Source :: 3 MySQL Source-Configuration Options

cmake . \\
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \\
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \\
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \\
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \\
-DWITH_PIC=1

Note that when you add -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 as an option in cmake, you also need to add -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=… or it won’t work properly.

Installing MySQL

make
make install

Installation is now complete.

MySQL Initial Configuration

First, change the directory owner.

・UNIXコマンド [chown] (UNIX Command [chown])

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

Next, initialize the database.

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \\
    --user=mysql \\
    --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \\
    --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

If you do other configurations without initializing the database, you’ll get the following error:

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)

Also set up auto-startup.

cp /usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.17/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql 
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql

Execute the following command to check the status. If it’s on at the expected runlevel, there’s no problem.

# chkconfig --list | grep mysql

mysql           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

Modify the startup script according to your execution environment.

vi /etc/init.d/mysql

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

Copy the configuration file. Edit the configuration file as needed.

cp /usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.17/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

This completes the setup.

Start MySQL with the service command and confirm it’s properly installed.

service mysql start

Setting MySQL path

# vi ~/.bashrc

PATH="$PATH":/usr/local/mysql/bin

# source ~/.bashrc

# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.17, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

If you can log in with the following command, the installation was successful.

mysql -u root

While we’re at it, let’s also change the root password.

mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('newpassword');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> \\q

# mysql
ERROR 1045: Access denied for user: 'root@localhost' (Using password: NO)

# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. ……

This completes the password setup. That’s all for the initial configuration.

How to Deal with MySQL Startup Failures

When starting MySQL, I got the following error:

Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid)

Looking at the processes, it seems to be already running, but I can’t log in with mysql -u root.

It’s a bit rough, but killing the process with the kill command and starting MySQL again worked.

Here’s the procedure:

# ps aux | grep mysql
mysql    32031  0.0  3.1 337520 32944 ?        Sl   00:28   0:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --localdomain.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.
# kill 32031
# ps aux | grep mysql

# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL.......    [  OK  ]
# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.17-log Source distribution

Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql>

That’s all from the Gemba about installing MySQL 5.5 from source code on CentOS 6.3.

Reference Information